Cyclometer clock alarm



Sept. 23, 1952 L. c. WUISCHPARD 2,611,232

CYCLOMETER CLOCK ALARM Filed NOV. 21, 1947 2 SHEETSSHEET' 2 F4?" a F It) 4% 4 SUPPLY INKENTOR. Law an C Wamc/rpard g awm M W ATTOJPNEYS Patented Sept. 23, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYCLOMETER eLoonALAaM "Lucien C. Wuischpard, Long Hill, Conn, assignor to ,Casco Products Corporation, Bridgeport, .Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application November 21, 1947,.Serial No. 781MB 13 Claims.

:This invention relates to switching or control wmechanisms for use with 'cyclometers-or like 'clevices, and "more particularly to an "alarm "mechanism for a 'cyclometer clock.

'Vlihilethe invention is illustrated in connection with an electric clock of" the direct-reading or cyclometer-typeifor controlling thealarm de- 'vice-'thereof, it should'be'understood that the invention is not tobe limitedto clocks or to the specific embodiment theredf shown herein, since it'hasmt'ility in 'connection with cyclometer devices generally wherein related relatively movable members o'r counters are provided, usually ihaving 'difierent rates of advance.

.Anob'ject of'the'invention is to provide, for a cyclometer device or cyclometer clock, an im- "proved .-'settable alarm control or switching mechanism having but'a single manually operable 'meniber settable by a simple continuous :movementwhi'ch mechanism-is extremely simple in construction with very few and inexpensive 'parts, anid iseconomicalinassembly while at ithe sameitime being ivery reliable in -operation, tthereby to reflect advantageous economies in .imanufactnre whilermaintaining high quality.

Another :objectaof rtheiinvention is to provide improved ala-rm .OI control mechanism as :a'bovenvhich; is rugged: and sturdy in construction,

=..and1the ..operativeness .of :which is not adversely :aifected :dnring setting of .the :cyclometer de- ViCBIThOWSVEl .theicounters. thereof: may be. manipulated.

..A :further :obiect :of the invention is to provi-do :an improved :and simplified switching ;or

alarm control --mechanism of the "above type,

which is :extremely compact and small in size .=so -that. it requires but very. little space.

:Stilieanother object of theinvention is toprovide;.arsimpiifiedeand .rel-iable. switching or alarm .controlimechanism .as-ohove which does not:.re-

:quire extensive#modification 'or changing of the j partsofit'he cyclometer-device in adapting itior iusexw-ith .saidr-mechanism :Aieature .of the ,invention is the provision .of simple :-means, in a :switching or control .mechanism v-as above, whereby the mechanism ,may beused with 1a cyclometer-type clock having. hourzand -.tens-of-ninutes wheels each provided [with :tweive'indicia whereby they may be ofzsu-bstantially .thessame size; the indicia 'on the tens-nf-ininutes".avheelconsistin of two sets of wsixund-iciaeach.

".In accomplishing the above objects there is eprovided-iin accordance withthe invention, ele

*ments intheform o'f cont-acts. wh ch i 9 9- 4O eral arcuately spaced points about the common "axisofxthe "contacts, thereby to provide 'for con- "tact engagement more thanpnce in each revolution "of the 'tens-of-minutes wheel, enabling the Wheelto have duplicate-sets of indicia' and there- 'byto have a'total'numberof indiciaequal to the 2 tively settable each in -.different positions "to sense any desired one of a' plurality of different relative wheel positions ofa'clock. The'elements .or contacts are preferably mounted so as to be :rotatable independently of each other about the same axis. There is also provided a member which is manually settable in different positions,

the member'being preferablyin 'the'form ofa ratio. Cooperating with the settable elements or contacts are other contacts which are positioned by the wheels of the clock, andthe arrangement is such that when'the'wheels attain the relative positions -determined or indicated by the setting of the manually settable dial the cooperating contacts engage each other, thereby closing a circuit and causing the alarm to be sounded.

One of'the pairs of contacts which cooperate with each other-extends in anarc which, inthe particular embodiment of the invention illustrated herein, is approximately 30, so that engagement occurs betweenthese cooperating contacts for a predetermined number of different relative positions thereof; these cooperating contacts are associated with-the hour wheel of the clock and enable an alarm to be sounded for different ten-ninuteinterVEtls Within an hour period without requiring movement of the hour wheel. 'Other'contacts which are associated with the tens-oi-'"ninutes wheelyare disposedat sevnumber: provided on the hour wheel, so thatboth wheels may be thesame size.

The gearing between the'settable dial and the settable contacts provides for. automatically locating the contacts to sense the desired'one of the plurality of different relative positions of the wheels as indicated by the-setting or the dial.

Other features and-advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of the improved switching or control mechanism of the invention, and of a cyclometer type clock in which the mechanism is incorporated.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the mechanism looking from the left-hand end of Fig. 1.

Fig.- 3 is a fragmentary transverse section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1. r

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 44 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the alarm and control mechanism of the invention, and

Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are diagrams showing the relations of the manually operable dial of the mechanism and the sensing elements or contacts operated by said dial, and also the contacts cooperable with the sensing contacts for controlling an electrical circuit. Fig. 6 shows the positions for an alarm sounding at 7:00- oclock;- Fig. 7 shows the positions for an alarm sounding at 7:10 oclock; Fig. 8 shows the positions for an alarm sounding at 7:30 oclock; and Fig. 9 shows the positions for an alarm "sounding at 8:00 oclock.

Referring to Figs. 1 and '2, the clock and alarm control mechanism of theinvention comprises a frame In having an upstanding end portion or wall II which is apertured to receive an outer sleeve I2, an inner sleeve I3 extending through and bearing in the outer sleeve I2, and a shaft I4 extending through and bearing in the inner sleeve I3. The outer sleeve I2 is rotatable in the wall II of the frame, and the shaft I4 has a reduced end portion Ida which passes through and rotatably bears on a plate I5 secured by studs I6 to the wall I I in spaced relation therewith.

The shaft It has rotatable thereon a minute wheel H, the inner sleeve I3 has rigidly secured to it a tens-of-minutes wheel I8, and the outer sleeve I2 has rigidly secured to it an hour wheel IS, the wheels I'I, I8 and I9 being independently rotatable'but having their movements related by any suitable means, and the wheels having indicia 23 on their peripheries to enable them to indicate time. A carry-over mechanism suitable for use with the wheels I'I, I3 and I9 to correlate their movements is-disclosed and described in detail in my copending patent application S. N. 702,983 filed October 12, 1946, now Patent No. 2,549,556 granted April 17, 1951, and therefore such mechanism will not be described herein as it specifically forms no part of the present invention.

The hour wheel I9 may have twelve flat faces 2I located about its periphery and numbered consecutively from. 1 through 12, and the tens-ofminutes wheel I8 may also have twelve faces 22 about its periphery, numbered consecutively from 0 through 5, the numbers being duplicated or repeated once so that there are two sets of such numbers. It willbe understood that the tens-ofminutes wheel I8 is advanced T 2 of a revolution at the end of each ten-minute interval, to present the next number or indicia to View, and that each time the wheel I8 moves to present a zero 7 I (0) to view (which is twice in each revolution) it advances the wheel I9 through of a revolution to cause the next or succeeding indicia on the wheel I9 to be presented to view, as is usual in cyclometer-type clocks.

According to the present invention a novel settable control or switching mechanism is provided in conjunction with the wheels I8 and I9 whereby a circuit may be switched or an alarm sounded when the wheels reach any desired one of a D111- rality of different relative rotatable positions. This novel mechanism includes a manually operable dial 23 having a finger-engageable slot 24 in its outer face, the dial extending through the clock casing '25 (which is secured to the frame I 0 in any suitable manner not shown) Referring to Figs. 2 and 6 through 9, the dial '23 has graduations 23a some of which are provided with numbers 26 from 1 through 12, the intervals between adjacent numbered graduations being divided each into six equal spaces by five unnumbered graduations, each of said five graduations indicating a ten-minute interval. Thus, the dial 23 may be set for any ten-minute interval throughout a twelve-hour period of time.

The dial 23 has a hub 21 provided with a square recess for receiving the square end portion 28 of a shaft 29 which passes through the plate I5 and wall II of the frame In and rotatably bears on said plate and wall. Between the plate It and wall I I the'shaft 29 carries a pair of gears 30 and 3|, the gear 33 meshing with a pinion 32 which forms part of a collar 33 rotatable on the reduced end portion, Ida of the shaft I4. The ratio between the gear 30 and pinion 32 is six-to-one, so that for each revolution of the dial 23 th pinion 32 and collar 33 is made to revolve six times. The gear 3| meshes'with a gear 34 forming part of a collar 35 rotatably carried on the inner sleeve I 3, which latter projects beyond the end of the outer sleeve I2. The ratio of the gear 3I to the gear 34 is one-to-one. Between the collars 33 and 35 a collar 36 is provided, rigidly secured to the inner sleeve i3, and a collar 31 is mounted on and rigidly secured on the outer sleeve I2 adjacent the opposite side of the collar 35.

The collars 33, 35, 36 and 37v are preferably formed of insulating material, and the collar 33 has attached to it a metal sleeve or band 38 having a flange 39 from which are lanced two resilient contact arms 33a, the extremities 39b of the arms being dished or cupped to present convex faces to the right as shown in Fig. l. The collar 35 has an integralinsulating flange 33 for engagement with the dished portions 3% of the resilient arms 39a, and'has rigidly secured to it a metal band 4| provided with two resilient contact arms 42 having end portions 43 which extend through slots or cuts in the flange 43 and are adapted to engage and make electrical contact with the resilient arms 39a when in alignment with the dished portions 33b thereof. The collar 35 has rigidly securedto it a metal band 44 having a flange 45 from which is lanced a single resilient contact arm 45a, the end portion 45b of which is dished and presents a convex face to the right as shown in Fig. 1, and the collar 3! has rigidly secured to it a metal band 46 provided with a resilient arm 41 extending radially therefrom and having an extremity 41a passing through a slot in an insulating flange 48 which is integral with the collar 31. The flange 38 and extremity 5711 are located for engagement with the resilient contact arm 35a, and when the portion 45b thereof is in alignment with the extremity 41a of the arm 47 electrical contact will be established between thearms, as shown in Fig. 1. Electrical contact is made to the bands 38, H, 44 and 46 by spring wire clips 49, Figs. 1 and 2, the said clips having portions 49a embracing opposite peripheral surfaces of the bands, and the clips being carried on a bushing 50, Figs. 2 and 4, mounted between the plate I5 and wall II by one of the studs I6. The bushing 50 is preferably formed of insulating mat r and has metal inserts EI, 52

extends arcuately a sufiicient distance to enable these contacts to engage each other for all settings of the dial 23 which involve any single hour, as for example, all settings between,7: oclock and 7:50 oclock inclusive, or all settings between 8:00 oclock and 8:50 oclock inclusive. etc. This is necessary in order for an alarm to be sounded for any one of such settings without requiring movement of the hour wheel i9; it is understood of course that for any single hour interval the clock mechanism does not move the hour wheel 19.

Thus, where the hour wheel 19 has twelve indicia, the arcuate extent of the segmental-shaped contact should be twelve divided into 360, or 30. If the hour wheel I9 were to have twenty-four indicia, the segmental-shaped contact should extend for an arc of 360 divided by twenty-four, or Thus it is seen that the arc of the segmental-shaped contact should be equal to 360 divided by the number of indicia on the hour wheel I9. I

The ratio oi the gear and pinion 32 between the dial 23 and the settable contacts associated with the tens-of-minutes wheel I8 is determined by the number of indica carried by the wheel 1 8. Where the number of such indicia is twelve, as in the present instance, the ratio of the gear 30 to the pinion 32 will be seventy-two divided by twelve, or six-to-one. If the number of indicia on the tens-of-minutes wheel 18 were to be six instead of twelve, the ratio of the gear to the pinion 32 would be seventy-two divided by six, or twelve-to-one. If the number of indicia on the tens-of-minutes wheel were to be eighteen, the ratio of the said gears would be seventy-two divided by eighteen, orfour-to-one. This is because the extent of each movement of the tens-- of-minutes wheel I 8 is dependent on the number of indicia carried by it; if the wheel has twelve indicia it will move through of a revolution, or 30, and if the wheel has six indicia it will move through of a revolution, or 60. In each case, the ratio between the dial 23 and the contacts 30a operated by the dial should be such that when the dial is moved one graduation, corresponding to a ten-minute interval, the contacts 39a should be moved through an are equivalent to that which the tens-of-minutes wheel 18 will move in indicating the next ten-minute interval, and this ratio is found to be seventy-two (the number of ten-minute graduations on the dial 23) divided by the number of indicia on the tensof-minutes wheel 18, assuming of course that the graduations 23a on the dial 23 extend completely around the periphery of the dial and cover the entire 360 field. If the graduations were made to extend through only 180 of the dial 23 so that the remainder of the dial were blank. this would naturally require that the ratio of the gear 30 to the pinion 32 be doubled, in following the above analysis. Therefore, where the dial 23 may not be completely filled with graduations, the ratio of the gear 30 to the pinion 32 will be eoual to seventv-two divided by the number of indicia on the tens-of-minutes wheel, and multiplied by the quotient of 360 divided by the arc, in degrees, covered by the graduations, or 25,920 divided by the product of the number of indicia on the wheel I 8 times the angle covered by the graduations on the dial 23.

The ratio of the gear 3| to'the gear 34 should be equivalent to the ratio between the arc, in degrees, covered by the arcuate-shaped contact associated with the hour wheel [9 and the'arc, in degrees, between any adjacent pair of numbers on the dial 23. Since the are between the adjacent numbers is 30, and the arc of the segment-shaped contact is 30 for an hour wheel having twelve indicia as shown, the ratio between the gears 31 and 34 will be oneto-one. If the are between the adjacent numbers on the dial 23 were to be 15 while the arc of the segmentshaped contact were to be 30, then the ratio between the gears 3I and 34 would be 2 to l. The above presupposes that the hourwheel if! has twelve indicia; if the number of indicia on the hour wheel I9 is altered, this alters the arc of the segment-shaped contact associated with the hour wheel. However, the ratio of the gears 3| and 34 would still be determined according to the ratio between the arc of the contact and the are included between adjacent numbers on the dial 23.

The parts of the switching mechanism as illustrated are of simple and rugged construction,

, and permit of easy assembly while at the same time providing for reliable operation. The spring tension between the cooperable contacts, and between the metal bands and the spring wire clips 49 may be so adjusted so as to provide for effective electrical connection and yet cause very little friction, resulting in but very slight drag on the wheels l8 and I9. Also, by virtue of the little friction existing between the contact arms and spring wire clips, the setting of the dial 23 may be accomplished very easily and quickly.

Variations and modifications may be made within the scope of this invention and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

I claim:

1. In a cyclometer having a pair of related, relatively and independently movable counters adapted to indicate, by virtue of their difierent relative positions, a predetermined fixed and definite plurality of different conditions; a stationary member and a manually settable selector member having a range of effective movement of not more than 360 relative to said stationary member, one of said members having solely one index mark and the other of said members having graduations over an are equal to the arc of movement of the movable member and cooperable with the index mark, said members being disposed at a locale different from the counters and said graduations corresponding respectively to all said predetermined relative positions of the counters;

elements respectively settable each in different positions to sense any desired set of counter positions; means for gearing said elements to said selector member in difierent ratios respectively; and means including cooperating elements respectively independently positioned by said counters for switching an electrical circuit when the counters come to the particular set of positions determined by the setting of said selector member.

2. A cyclometer-type alarm clock comprising an hour wheel having indicia thereon designating hours; a tens-of-minutes wheel having indicia thereon; contacts respectively settable each in different rotative positions to sense any desired one of a predetermined, fixed, maximum plu rality of difierent relative wheel positions; a

ember manually settable in different rotative positions within a single arc of 360,said rotative positions corresponding to all said relative wheel positions; means for gearing said member to said contacts in difierent ratios respectively; and means including contacts respectively cooperating with said settable contacts, and positioned by said wheels for switching a circuit to cause an alarm to be given when:therwheels 'come to the particular set of positions determinedi by the. setting of the manuallyse'ttablemember, at least i one of the contacts whichcooperate with: each sitionsto sense. any desired 10-minute interval in 12 hours; amember manuallyi settablein 'ZZ" difierent rotative positions within ta: single 360 arc, corresponding to said 10-minute intervals; means for gearing said i member -'-to said contacts in ratios ofsix-to-oneand one-'to one -respectively; andmeans-includin'g contacts-respectively:

cooperating with said settable contacts and-positioned I by said wheels forswitchingia circuit to cause an alarm to be givenwhenthe-wheels-come to the particular set ofpositions determined by the setting of the manuallysettable memben 4. A cyclometer-type alarm cloclrcomprising an' hourwheel having a-singleset' of'indicia thereon designating hours; a-tens-of-minuteswheel havingat least one set of-indicia thereon consisting' of numbers from zero to five; contacts respectively settable each in different rotative positions to sense any desired one of apl-u-rality of difierentrelative wheel position a member manually settable in different rotative positions; means for' gearing said member-tosaid contacts-in ratios of one-to-one and X-to-one whereX equals '72- divided by thenumber of indicia-on-thetens of minutes wheel; and means including contacts-respectively cooperating with said settable contacts" and positioned by said wheels --for-switchi-ng a circuit to cause an alarm to be-given when-thewheels come to the particular setof positionsdetermined by the setting of the manually settable-member, at least one of the contacts which cooperate with each other extending in an arc approximatelyequal to 360 divided by the-number of indicia on the said hour wheel.

.5. A cyclometer-type alarmclock comprising an hour wheel having-:aksingle set of: indicia thereon designating hours; an tens-ofe'minutes wheel having at least one set-of indicia thereon consisting of numbers from zero to five; contacts respectively settable each in difierent rotative positions to sense any-desiredoneof a plurality of different relative wheel positions; a member manually settable-in differentrotative positions; means associated with saidm'ember, providing seventy-two arcua-tely disposed graduations, to enable the member to be set in anyone of seventy;- two diiferent rotative positions, means for gearing said member to said contacts in ratios of one-toone and X to one where X equals 25,920 divided by the product of the number of indicia on the tens-of-minutes wheel times the arc, in degrees, through which said graduation means extends; and means including contacts respectively cooperating with said settable contacts and positioned by said wheels for switching a circuit to cause an alarm to be given when the wheels come to the particular set of positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member, at least one of the contacts which cooperate with each other extending in an are approximately equal to 360 divided by the number of indicia on the said hour wheel.

6; Acyclometer-type alarm clock comprising an:

hour wheel. having. indicia 113118136011 designating hours; a? tens-'of-minutes wheel. having; at .least" one set of indicia thereon consisting of1numbers. iromzzercito five; contacts respectivelysettable.

each in different rotative positions to sense any desired. one of: a; plurality of i different relative wheel'positions; amember manually settable] in,

different:rotativepositions means associated with saidmember, providingseventy-two arcuatelydisposed graduations to enable the member tobe set:

in'anyioneof seventy-two different rotative positions, means-including contacts respectively. co.- cperating with said settable contacts and posie tioned by said wheels for: switching acircuit to cause an alarmto. be. given when the wheels come to-the particular. set ofipositions determined by thesetting of the manuallycsettable member, .at leastone of the contacts which cooperate with eachfother. extending in an are approximately equal to SGOB'diVided by the number of indicia.

on the said hour wheel; and means for gearing said member: to lsaidisettable contacts iin respective ratios of (1) the arc of the arcuately extended contact to. the arc included betweenad ja'cent:nunzibers-onthe said graduation means,

and';(2 Xtto'one, where .X equals 25,920 divided by-therproduct of the total'numberfof indicia on the. tens-ror-minutes wheel times thearc in do grees through which saidgraduation means i ex-- tends.

7; A cyclometer-type alarm clock comprising an hour'wheel and a tens of minutes wheel axially'aligned with eachcther and adapted to have '72 diiterent:.relativexrotative positions; telescoping-shaftscarrying said wheels; contacts respecsiticnszof "saidwheels; means for gearing said:

member *to said contacts in difierent ratios respectively; and means including contacts respectivelycooperating with said settable contacts and fixedirespectivelyto the shafts :of said wheels to beapositio'ned thereby; forfcausi'ng an alarm to be given; whenitherwheels. come to the particular set; of 1 positions determined by the setting of I the manually settable? member;

8; cyclometer-type alarm clock comprising.

anrhour wheel having 12 numbers, and 'a tens-of minuteswh'eelihaving duplicated sets of numbers,

a :pair of contacts respectively settable each :in different;rotative positions to :senseany desired.

one."-of:'72-diiferentr relative wheel positions? a member.manuallysettable in 72 diiterent rotative positions contained in a single are of 360; means.

connecting said member to said contacts-to ad justably move the latter at different rates respectively; and means including a contact, and a plurality of contacts electrically joined and mechanically fixed to each other, respectively positioned by said wheels for causing an alarm to be given when the wheels come to the particular set of positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member, said contact and plurality of joined contacts respectively cooperating with the settable contacts or" the said pair.

9. A cyclometer-type alarm clock comprising an hour wheel having 12 numbers and a tens-ofminutes wheel having duplicated sets of numbers, a contact; a pair of contacts electrically joined tact and pair of contacts being respectively set.-

tablezin 72 different rotative positions to sense any desired one of 72 different relative wheel positionsy a member manually settable in 72 different rotative positions contained in a single 360?,arc; means connecting said member to said contact and plurality of contacts to adjustably move the latter at different rates respectively; and, means including contacts respectively cooperating with said contact and pair of contacts and positioned by said wheels for causing an alarm to be given when the wheels come to the particular set of positions determined" by the setting of the manually settable member.

10. .In a mechanism for controlling an instrumentality, a cyclometer having a pair of related, relatively and independently movable counters adapted, by virtue of different relative positions,

to indicate a predetermined fixed and definite plurality of different conditions; elements respectively settable each in different positions to sense by their relative positions any desired one of said plurality of different relative counter positions; a rotatable member manually settable in diiferent positions all within a single 360 arc to correspond to all of said relative counter positions; means connecting said member to said elements to adjustably move the latter at diiferent rates respectively; and means including other elements respectively cooperating with said settable elements and including means independently positioning said other elements respectively by said counters for exercising a control over said instrumentality when the counters and other elements come to the particular set of relative positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member.

11., In a mechanism for controlling an instrumentality, a cyclometer having a pair of related, relatively and independently movable, intermittently advanced counters adapted, by virtue of different relative positions, to indicate a predetermined fixed and definite plurality of different conditions; elements respectively settable each in different positions to sense by their relative positions any desired one of said plurality of different relative counter positions; settable means, including solely one rotatable indicator member, manually settable in difierent positions for indicating all of said relative counter positions; means connecting said member to said elements to adjustably move the latter at different rates respectively; and means including other elements respectively cooperating with said settable elements and including means independently positioning said other elements respectively by said counters for exercising a control over said instrumentality when the counters and other elements come to the particular set of relative positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member. 7

' 12. vIna mechanism .for. controlling an instrumentality,-a cyclometer having a pair of related, relativelyyand independently movable counters adapted, by virtueofdifferent relative positions, to indicate a predetermined: fixed; and definite plurality of different conditions; contacts respectively settable each in difierent positions to sense by their relative positions any desired one of said plurality of different 'relative counter positions; a rotatable member manually settable in different positions all within a single 360 arc to correspond to all of said relative counter positions; means for earing said member to said contacts in different ratios respectively; and means including other contacts respectively c0- operating with said settable contacts and including means independently positioning said other elements respectively by said counters for switching a circuit to control said instrumentality when the counters and other contacts come to the particular set of relative positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member.

13. A mechanism for controlling an instrumentality, comprising a cyclometer or the like having a pair of related, relatively and independently movable counters provided with indicia, said countersbeing adapted to occupy as many different relative positions as the product of the number of indicia they carry; elements respectively settable each in different positions to sense any desired one of said different relativecounter positions; a rotatable member manually settable indifferent positions within a single 360 arc, corresponding to all the difierent relative positions of the counters; means for gearing said member to said elements in different ratios respectively; ,and means including other elements respectively cooperatingwith said settable elements and including means independently. positioning said other elements respectively by said counters for exercising a control over said instrumentality when the counters andother elements come to the particular set of positions determined by the setting of the manually settable member.

LUCIEN C. WUISCHPARD.

, I REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file or this patent:

I UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 2,459,107 Johnson Jan. 11, 1949 

